篇首语:本文由编程笔记#小编为大家整理,主要介绍了Java 注解与反射 基础相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
Annotation注解
Annotation的作用:不是程序本身,可以对程序做出解释。可以被其他程序(比如 编译器等)读取
annotation的格式: 注解是以 ”@注释名“ 再代码中存在的,还可以添加一写参数值,例如@SupperWarnings(value = "unchecked")
Annotation在哪可以使用? 可以在package,class,method,field等上面,相当于给他们添加额外的辅助信息,我们可以通过反射机制编程实现对这些元数据的访问
@Override
重写
@Deprecated
不鼓励使用,但是可以使用
@SuppreWarning
警告
元注解的作用是负责注解其他注解
@Target
@Retention
@Documented
@ Inherited
package opp2;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
public class demo01
public void test()
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在上面地方
@Target(value = ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE)
//Retention 表示我们的注解在上面地方有效
//RUNTIME >CLASS >SOURCES
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented 表示释放将我们的注解生成在JavaDoc中
@Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation
使用@interface 自定义注解时,自动继承import java.lang.annotation.Annotation接口
package opp2;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
public class demo02
//注解可以显示赋值,如果没有赋值就必须赋值
@MyAnnotation2(name = "钟离")
public void test()
@MyAnnotation3("")
public void test2()
@Target(value = ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2
//直接的参数:参数类型 +参数名()
String name();
String color() default "";
int age() default 0;
int id() default -1;
String[] schools() default "";
@Target(value = ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3
String value();
java.Reflection
时Java被视为动态语言的关键,反射机制允许程序在执行期借助Reflection api获得任何类的信息,并能直接操作任意对象的内部属性及方法。
getClass()
package opp2;
/**
* 什么是反射
*/
public class demo03
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException
Class> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
Class> c2 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
Class> c3 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
System.out.println(c1);
//一个类在内存中只有一个class对象
//一个类被加载后,类的整个过程都会被封装在Class对象中
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//实体类
class User
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User()
public User(String name, int id, int age)
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
public String getName()
return name;
public void setName(String name)
this.name = name;
public int getId()
return id;
public void setId(int id)
this.id = id;
public int getAge()
return age;
public void setAge(int age)
this.age = age;
@Override
public String toString()
return "User" +
"name=" + name + \\ +
", id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
;
package opp2;
public class demo04
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException
Person person = new student();
System.out.println(person.name);
//方式一 :通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方法二:forName 获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("opp2.student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方法三: 类名.class获得
Class c3 = student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//方法四 基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);
//方法五:获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
class Person
String name;
public Person()
public Person(String name)
this.name = name;
@Override
public String toString()
return "Person" +
"name=" + name + \\ +
;
class student extends Person
public student()
this.name = "学生";
class teacher extends Person
public teacher(String name)
this.name = "老师";
class:外部类、成员(内部成员、外部成员),局部内部类,匿名内部类
interface:接口
[] :数组
enum:枚举
annotation:注解@interface
primitive type:基本数据类型
void
package opp2;
import javax.xml.bind.Element;
public class demo
public static void main(String[] args)
Class c1 = Object.class; //类
Class c2 = Comparable.class; //接口
Class c3 = String[].class; //一维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class; //二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class; //注解
Class c6 = Element.class; //枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class; //基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class; //void
Class c9 = Class.class; //Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode()); //只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个class
加载------>链接---->初始化
package opp2; package opp2;
public class demo06
public static void main(String[] args)
A a = new A();
System.out.println(a.m);
/**
* 1.【加载】到内存,会产生一个类对应的Class对象
* 2.【链接】,链接后, m = 0
* 3.【初始化】:
*
* system.out.println("A类的静态代码块初始化");
* m = 300;
* m = 100;
*
*/
class A
static
System.out.println("A类的静态代码块");
m = 300;
/**
* m = 300
* ↓
* m = 100
*/
static int m = 100;
public A()
System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
分析类初始化
public class demo07
static
System.out.println("main类被加载");
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException
//1. 主动引用
S s = new S();
//反射也会主动引用
Class.forName("opp.demo07.S");
//2. 不会产生类的引用
System.out.println(S.b); //静态域 访问
S[] array = new S[5]; //数组访问
System.out.println(S.M); //访问常量
class F
static int b = 2;
static
System.out.println("父类被加载");
class S extends F
static
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m = 300;
static int m = 100;
static final int M = 1; //常量类加载器
package opp2;
public class demo08
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器->扩展加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类的父类加载器--->根加载器(c/c++ ,java无法获取,显示为 null)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1); //null
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader aClass = Class.forName("opp2.demo08").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(aClass);
//测试JDK
aClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(aClass); //null
//如何让获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
通过反射获取运行时类的完整结构
Field、Method、Constructor、Superclass、Interface、Annotation
package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class demo09
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException
Class> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
User user = new User();
//c1 = user.getClass();
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());
//获得类的属性
Field[] field = c1.getFields(); //只能找到public属性
// for (Field field1 : field)
// System.out.println(field1);
//
//
field = c1.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field fields : field) //找到全部属性
System.out.println(fields);
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");//获得指定属性的值
System.out.println(name);
//获得类的方法
System.out.println("=====================================================");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); //获取本类及父类的全部public方法
for (Method method :methods)
System.out.println(method);
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获取本类的所有方法
System.out.println("============================");
for (Method method:methods)
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods " + method );
//获得指定方法
System.out.println("=======================");
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName",null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName",String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//获得构造器
System.out.println("======================");
Constructor[] cOnstructors= c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor:constructors)
System.out.println(constructor);
cOnstructors= c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor: constructors)
System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors" + constructor);
//获得指定构造器
Constructor> declaredCOnstructor= c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定" + declaredConstructor);
能做啥?
步骤:
package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class demo10
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException
//获得对象
Class> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
//构造对象
User user = (User)c1.newInstance(); //本质是构造了无参构造器
System.out.println(user);
//通过构造器创建对象
Constructor> declaredCOnstructor= c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user1 = (User) declaredConstructor.newInstance("摩拉克斯",001,18);
System.out.println(user1);
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user2 =(User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//invoke:激活
//(对象,方法的值)
setName.invoke(user2,"巴巴托斯");
System.out.println(user2.getName());
//通过反射操作属性
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
name.setAccessible(true); //关闭安全检测。因为原来的的属性是private,不能直接访问,所以需要关闭安全检测
name.set(user3,"巴尔泽布");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
setAccessible:启动和禁用访问安全检查的开关。参数值为true则指反射的对象在使用时应该取消java语言访问检查
参数值为false则指反射的对象在使用时对java语言进行访问检查
package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class demo11
public static void test1()
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i <1000000000; i++)
user.getName();
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime)+"ms");
public static void test2() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i <1000000000; i++)
getName.invoke(user,null);
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("映射方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime) +"ms");
public static void test3() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i <1000000000; i++)
getName.invoke(user,null);
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime)+"ms");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException
test1();
test2();
test3();
Java采用泛型擦除的机制来引入泛型,Java中的泛型仅仅是给编辑器javac使用的,确保数据的安全性和免去强制类型转换问题,但是,一旦编译完成,所有和泛型有关的类型全部擦除
为了通过反射操作这些类型,Java新增了ParameterizedType,GenericArrayType,TypeVariable和WindcardType几种类型来代表不能被归一到Class类中的类型但是又和原始类型齐名的类型
package opp2; ORM 对象关系映射 package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 通过反射回去泛型
*/
public class demo12
public void test(Map
System.out.println("test01");
public Map
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException
Method method = demo12.class.getMethod("test", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type ge : genericParameterTypes)
System.out.println("#" + ge);
if (ge instanceof ParameterizedType)
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) ge).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type act : actualTypeArguments)System.out.println(act);
method = demo12.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericParameterType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType)
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type act : actualTypeArguments)
System.out.println(act);
获取注解信息
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
/**
* 练习反射操作注解
*/
public class demo13
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException
Class> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.Student2");
Annotation[] annotation = c1.getAnnotations();
//通过反射获得注解
for (Annotation annotation1:annotation)
System.out.println(annotation1);
//获得注解的value值
TableM tableM = c1.getAnnotation(TableM.class);
String value = tableM.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
// Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
Fk annotation1 = name.getAnnotation(Fk.class);
System.out.println(annotation1.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation1.Type());
System.out.println(annotation1.length());
@TableM("db_student")
class Student2
@Fk(columnName = "db_id",Type = "int", length = 10)
private int id;
@Fk(columnName = "db_age",Type = "int", length = 10)
private int age;
@Fk(columnName = "db_name", Type = "varchar", length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2()
public Student2(int id, int age, String name)
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
public int getId()
return id;
public void setId(int id)
this.id = id;
public int getAge()
return age;
public void setAge(int age)
this.age = age;
public String getName()
return name;
public void setName(String name)
this.name = name;
@Override
public String toString()
return "Student2" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name=" + name + \\ +
;
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableM
String value();
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fk
String columnName();
String Type();
int length();